Kayak and canoe
In the article “Kayak and Canoe” we will talk about two Olympic sport, and how they differ from each other. We will talk about their features, and why the boat floats forward after the athlete's ridge.
Kayak and canoe
Kayak and canoe
Our ancestors have mastered water transport for a very, very long time. The boats similar to kayaks and canoe swim around the seas, lakes and rivers of all continents for many centuries, or even millennia ago.
For example, on the walls of Ancient Egypt, images of boats are strikingly resembling modern kayaks. And the Indians of North America have been well controlled for several hundred years with canoe. By the way, the very word canoe of Indian origin.
In fairness, it must be said that the first boat, similar to canoe, archaeologists found 10,000 years in the Netherlands and the age of this boat. And in Russia, on the shores of Lake Ladoga and the Don Rivers, archaeologists have repeatedly found oak shutters made more than 4,000 years ago. Our ancestors have mastered water transport for a very, very long time.
And, of course, people have competed from time immemorial, who is better than managing the oar. The rowers' competitions took place even in ancient Greece, but the history of sports rowing in kayaks began relatively recently.
John McGregor
Its founder as sportThe Scottish lawyer John McGregor is considered. He was not just a kayak, he built his boats and designed himself. Being an incredibly active person, he is in 1866 created the world's first rowing club.
This idea received the approval of the Wales Prince Edward (the future king of Great Britain Edward VII) and similar clubs began to appear around the world. A year later, the English Royal Club organized the first regatta in history. It participated in it 15 baidar.
That's just Olympic this sport, unlike Academic rowing, did not immediately become. Only at the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, in 1936, for the first time, they played the first set of medals in kayaks and canoe. True, then only men were allowed to participate. The ladies were able to cross the oars only in 1948, in London.
Despite the fact that in Russia sports rowing has been in the units for the past few centuries, until 1950, Soviet rowers did not participate in international competitions. Only in 1952 did our athletes first conquered the bronze Olympic medal, and then reached the Olympic gold, which was subsequently won by no less.
At the venue of the competition, this sport is divided into several disciplines, but the so -called “sports”, smooth rowing and rowing slalom are represented at the Olympics. Smooth rowing It takes place on smooth water, i.e. Without obstacles. As for the crest, then everything is more complicated here.
Rowing slalom
Rowers must swim at the speed of a part of the empty river or artificial highway, and even overcoming the course. Slalom – Descent along the river for a while with the passage of the gate. Gates – These are two milestones that hang from a horizontally stretched cable. There are direct gates, they need to be held with the flow, and the opposite, they are sailed against the current.
If the rowers went through the gates with errors, then the penalty seconds are added to the final time. For example, if the boat, oar or part of the athlete’s body touched the gate, then 2 seconds are added to the result. But if a rower missed the gate or passed them in the wrong direction, then here we are talking about 50 seconds of a fine. So, accuracy in rowing slalom is no less important than speed.
And here's another interesting moment. If one of the participants breaks at the start of the oar, then the start is recognized as invalid, so just in case, the rower should have another oar in reserve, otherwise you can stay without competitions at all.
Canoe
Canoe – This is also a small vessel with a shovel -shaped oar, which, as a rule, has only one blade.
The main difference between the kayaks and canoe in the rowing method and planting of the rower. On the canoe, they are rowing standing on one knees, and sitting on a kayak. Also, canoe is a little wider than a kayak.
By the way, it is not customary to call the ship in the rowing slalom. Athletes say kayak, a kayak is called tourist vessels or boats for sports smooth rowing.
And kayak, kayak and canoe are brought into movements with the help of a pen. As we wrote above, these oars vary in shape. Why?
Lovery in kayaks and canoe
Paddle – This is one of the oldest inventions of man. With his help, he became the lord of water spaces before the invention of the sail. The oar allowed a person to stop being a toy of the current, and choose a course himself and direct his boat along it.
But how does the oar work? If you consider different oars more attentively, then you can notice that the difference is in two things, the length of the oar and the size of its blade. The work of the oars resembles work with a shovel, and the oar in shape resembles a land tool. A person working as a shovel scoops up the ground and throws it to the side, and the rower in the same way throws back the water that is located directly behind the blade of oars.
Why then the boat moves forward? This is easy to understand if you get acquainted with the famous third law of Newton, which says: The power of action on the physical body is equal to the power of counteraction on its part.
Factions = Fcounteraction
If we just lean on the table with his hand, creating pressure, then the hand from the side of the table experiences the same pressure. Otherwise, if the pressure of the table was smaller, then the hand would have passed through the table through the air.
Thus, when the blade of oars repels the mass of water, then the water with the same force pushes the blade in the opposite direction. Those. If we push the water back, then it pushes the oar, and therefore the boat, forward.
The power of counteracting water
And if you row the oar very quickly, then often the boat moves slower. Why, you ask? The fact is that Newton's third law indicates the equality of forces, not speeds. But with speed, or rather with acceleration, it is dealing with another, the second law of Newton, which is recorded by this formula:
F = ma (Strength is equal to the mass multiplied by acceleration)
What does this formula mean? And it means that with the same applied force, the heavy object will accelerate much slower than the lung, and exactly so slowly, how many times it is heavier. This law is experienced by drivers of dump trucks. An empty truck accelerates quickly, but with a full body, it is barely moving.
In our case, the mass of water, on which the force on the side of the oar acts, is ten times smaller than the mass of the boat and therefore even from a fast rowing, the boat will accelerate much slower.
It is clear that if you make the oars of the oars larger in area, then they will be able to throw a large mass of water back for each torn, which means that the boat will receive much more acceleration from such a rower. So why not make huge blades? This is impossible, since according to the second law of Newton, the more water, which the oar rests back, the greater force you need to apply to it. The athlete will not be able to move too much mass, he simply will not have enough effort.
Pool for rowing
Rowing – This is one of the most popular sports in our country and to engage in it is very good for health. Often, former swimmers, gymnasts and athletes go to this sport. Such preparation will not be superfluous if you decide to engage in rowing in kayaking and canoeing, because in order to row, you need to be physically resilient.
Experts recommend starting classes no earlier than 11-12 years. Of course, there are exceptions and children of an earlier age come in rowing. But, ideally, by the age of 11, the child's body is completely ready for loads that are inevitable in rowing.
As a rule, in summer, young rowers are engaged in kayaks in open ponds, and in winter they strengthen the body, floating in special pools. But of course, young rowers do not forget other developmental sports, athletics and Ski.